• cash register should be located in front of store near main entrance
• public paths should be clearly marked
• signs should direct patrons to parking and entrances
• there should be no easy access to the roof
• rear access to shops should be provided from rear parking lots

• windows should face rear parking lots for increased visibility
• window signs should cover no more than 15% of windows
• interior shelving and displays should be no higher than five feet for increased visibility
• exterior of buildings should be well lit
• loading areas should not create hiding places
• clear visibility should be maintained from the store to the street, sidewalk, parking areas and passing vehicles
• retention area should be visible from the building or street --- it should be a visual amenity, not hedged or fenced off
• all entrances should be under visual surveillance or monitored electronically

3. Territorial Reinforcement

• property boundaries, where possible, should be marked with hedges, low fences or gates
• private areas should be easily distinguishable from public areas
• shops should be identified by wall signs for those parking in the rear
• awnings should be installed over rear doors and windows
• parking area should be, clearly visible from the building or street

4. Management

Shopping malls often provide much of the public space in suburban communities and as such can be a mixed blessing. On the one, hand they perform the important function of town center, serving as a gathering place for the community. On the other, a mall can serve as an attraction for criminal activity.

While the shopping mall continually grows in size and popularity, it also becomes a haven for abnormal users and the site of a growing number of parking lot crimes. It is now more important than ever that designers and remodelers implement CPTED principles.

• signs should clearly mark public entrances
• sidewalks and public areas should be clearly marked by way of special paving and/or landscaping
• loading zones, with designated delivery hours, should be separate from public parking
• the parking garage should provide no exterior access to adjacent rooftops

• restroom doors should be visible from main pedestrian areas and away from outside exits
• parking areas should be well lit
• loading areas should not create dead end alleys or blind spots
• all levels of the parking garage should be visible from the street or ground floor with high intensity lighting to minimize hiding places

3. Territorial Reinforcements

• property perimeters defined by landscaping, post and pillar fencing or gates
• signs should clearly identify interior businesses

4. Management

The drivethrough is potentially the perfect place for criminal activity. They are often used at odd hours, are hidden from view, and those using them will almost certainly be carrying cash.

1. Natural Surveillance

The 1993 bombing of Manhattan's World Trade Center sent a clear message to the planners and designers of office buildings; as structures grow in size and pedestrian and vehicle traffic increases, safety becomes an extremely important issue,

For Years the World Trade Center served as a model for safe and secure office building construction regardless of the size of the structure being built. All tenants were required to show photo identification upon entering. Metal grill’s with letter sized slits covered mail slots. Garage and loading areas were secured by steel, anti-ram barricades. No one could have foreseen the tragic events of September 11, 2001 nor could it have been prevented by traditional security measures.

1. Natural Access Control

• Public entrances should be clearly defined by walkways and signage
• Building entrances should be accentuated through architectural elements, lighting, landscaping and/or paving stones

• restrooms should be observable from nearby offices
• all exterior doors should be well lit
• hallways should be well lit
• dumpsters should not create blind spots or hiding areas
• windows and exterior doors should be visible from the street or by neighbors
• all four facades should have windows
• parking spaces should be assigned to each employee and visitor
• parking areas should be visible from windows, side parking areas should be visible from the street
• parking and entrances should be observable by as many people as possible
• parking area and walkways should be well lit
• dumpster should be clearly visible
• shrubbery should be kept under two feet in height for visibility
• the lower branches of existing trees should be kept at least ten feet off the ground
• windows should not be obstructed with signs
• windows and doors should have views into hallways

• perimeters should be defined by landscaping or fencing
• fences should be designed to maintain visibility from street
• exterior private areas should be easily distinguishable from public areas
• security and/or reception area should be positioned to screen all entrances